旅游搭子提前脱队是否应承担责任？最高法详细解读

\u003cdiv class=\"rich_media_content\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-quote-normal-3 cms-cke-widget-quote-tpl cms-cke-widget-quote-wrapper cms-cke-widget-tpl\" data-key=\"quote-normal-3\" data-reactroot=\"\" style=\"align-items: center; display: flex; font-size: 19px; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 28px; margin-top: 28px; width: 100%\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-quote-container\" style=\"background: #f1f2f3; border-radius: 2px; padding: 16px 14px; position: relative; width: 100%\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-quote-mask\" style=\"background: #ffffff; bottom: 0; height: 18px; position: absolute; right: 0; width: 18px\"\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"cms-cke-widget-quote-icon\" style=\"background-image: url(https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OqRgU4CI68gL6p2TrspbzXbIx4iwsG-H5eIQPq7XioHT0AA/0); background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; bottom: -0; display: inline-block; height: 18px; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 18px\"\u003e \u003c/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-quote-content\" style=\"color: #212228; line-height: 27px; text-align: justify; width: 100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e招募网友拼团出游，本想图轻松自在、性价比高，不料旅游搭子提前脱队，导致旅行成本增加、行程改变……这种情况下，旅游搭子是否应承担责任？广东省深圳市龙华区人民法院审理了一起结伴旅游引发的合同纠纷案，目前该案已经生效。最高法对此案进行了详细解读。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-number-1 cms-cke-widget-title-tpl cms-cke-widget-title-tpl-nowrap cms-cke-widget-title-wrapper cms-cke-widget-tpl\" data-key=\"title-number-1\" data-reactroot=\"\" style=\"align-items: center; display: flex; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; justify-content: flex-start; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 28px; width: 100%\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-container\" style=\"display: flex; position: relative\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"number-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https://img.cctvnews.cctv.com/ckeditor-widget-oss/1.0.0/title/number/title-number-1/image/icon1.svg); background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; display: inline-block; height: 35px; left: 0; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 45px; z-index: 9\"\u003e \u003c/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-nubmer\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: #ffffff; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 20px; height: 32px; left: 0; line-height: 32px; margin-top: 2px; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 9px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0; width: 45px; z-index: 999\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-text title-number-1-text\" style=\"background: #e6e8ef; box-sizing: content-box; color: #001966; display: inline-block; height: 30px; left: -16px; line-height: 30px; max-width: calc(100vw - 95px); overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 10px 0px 18px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 4px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-all\"\u003e基本案情\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e\u003c!--AIPOS_0--\u003e“计划一辆SUV从深圳开往新疆。只坐4人，费用AA，单程费用大概1.5K……”2024年，张某在某网络平台上发布了一则招募旅行队友的帖子，明确写明从深圳前往新疆共计32天自驾游的具体行程安排、用时、线路、费用平摊等内容。赵某看到网帖后通过微信与张某取得联系，表示有意加入。出发前，张某多次通过微信与赵某确认行程和费用。其间，张某向赵某发送《自愿结伴出游安全免责声明》（以下简称《声明》），载明“本次活动的形式为均摊制……如有参与者中途离队，应提前告知团队成员，并自行承担离队后的一切安全与责任问题”。赵某对上述约定均无异议。\u003c!--MID_AD_0--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_0--\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e包括张某、赵某在内的4人团队自驾抵达新疆维吾尔自治区库车市后，按计划进入乌孙古道徒步七天。途中，赵某因体力原因自行离队，未按约定抵达集合点，后未经提前告知，要求取回行李退出旅行。张某认为赵某的中途退出增加了其他成员的旅行成本，要求其支付回程费用。双方因此产生纠纷，经公安机关调解仍未达成一致。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e因旅游搭子提前脱队，张某与其他成员的旅行计划被打乱，原定的旅行时间缩短了9天，放弃自驾返程计划，改乘飞机返回深圳。返深后，张某要求赵某支付旅行产生的车辆损耗费、提前脱队违约金等费用。对此，赵某未予理会，张某遂诉至深圳市龙华区人民法院。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-number-1 cms-cke-widget-title-tpl cms-cke-widget-title-tpl-nowrap cms-cke-widget-title-wrapper cms-cke-widget-tpl\" data-key=\"title-number-1\" data-reactroot=\"\" style=\"align-items: center; display: flex; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; justify-content: flex-start; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 28px; width: 100%\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-container\" style=\"display: flex; position: relative\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"number-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https://img.cctvnews.cctv.com/ckeditor-widget-oss/1.0.0/title/number/title-number-1/image/icon1.svg); background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; display: inline-block; height: 35px; left: 0; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 45px; z-index: 9\"\u003e \u003c/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-nubmer\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: #ffffff; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 20px; height: 32px; left: 0; line-height: 32px; margin-top: 2px; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 9px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0; width: 45px; z-index: 999\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-text title-number-1-text\" style=\"background: #e6e8ef; box-sizing: content-box; color: #001966; display: inline-block; height: 30px; left: -16px; line-height: 30px; max-width: calc(100vw - 95px); overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 10px 0px 18px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 4px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-all\"\u003e法院审理\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e\u003c!--AIPOS_1--\u003e法院经审理认为，本案为合同纠纷，根据《中华人民共和国民法典》规定，合同履行时，当事人应当遵循诚信原则，根据合同的性质、目的和交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。根据张某与赵某的网帖截图、聊天记录等证据，赵某对张某发布的行程表示同意，对张某发送的《声明》未提出异议，应视为同意行程安排，并接受《声明》中载明的“参与者中途离队，应提前告知团队成员，并自行承担离队后的一切安全与责任问题”等条款约定。\u003c!--MID_AD_1--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_1--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_1--\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e本案中，赵某于旅行中途与团队分开，未按照《声明》约定提前告知团队成员，且事后拒绝支付已承诺的回程费用，其行为明显违背了合同约定，违反了诚信原则，\u003cstrong data-source=\"cke\"\u003e已构成合同违约，应承担相应的违约责任\u003c/strong\u003e。此外，赵某提前离团不仅导致张某提前终止旅行行程，还引发张某更换返程方式从而增加了机票、车辆托运等费用，客观上给张某造成损失。但双方合同并未明确约定提前离团的违约金数额，张某也未能举证证明因赵某提前离团造成损失的具体金额。\u003cstrong data-source=\"cke\"\u003e法院根据本案实际情况酌定赵某的赔偿数额，判处赵某向张某赔偿损失合计2600元，并驳回张某的其他诉讼请求。\u003c/strong\u003e该判决已生效。\u003c!--MID_AD_2--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_2--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_2--\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-number-1 cms-cke-widget-title-tpl cms-cke-widget-title-tpl-nowrap cms-cke-widget-title-wrapper cms-cke-widget-tpl\" data-key=\"title-number-1\" data-reactroot=\"\" style=\"align-items: center; display: flex; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; justify-content: flex-start; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 28px; width: 100%\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-container\" style=\"display: flex; position: relative\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"number-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https://img.cctvnews.cctv.com/ckeditor-widget-oss/1.0.0/title/number/title-number-1/image/icon1.svg); background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; display: inline-block; height: 35px; left: 0; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 45px; z-index: 9\"\u003e \u003c/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-nubmer\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; color: #ffffff; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 20px; height: 32px; left: 0; line-height: 32px; margin-top: 2px; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 9px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0; width: 45px; z-index: 999\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cms-cke-widget-title-text title-number-1-text\" style=\"background: #e6e8ef; box-sizing: content-box; color: #001966; display: inline-block; height: 30px; left: -16px; line-height: 30px; max-width: calc(100vw - 95px); overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 10px 0px 18px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 4px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-all\"\u003e法官说法\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e\u003c!--AIPOS_2--\u003e广东省深圳市龙华区人民法院综合审判庭一级法官陈敏对此进行了解读。她表示，当下，寻找“旅游搭子”出游因性价比较高、可个性化定制等因素愈发流行。然而，网上组团旅游多为个人或无资质的机构组织，以微信、平台留言等方式约定出游，但各方对于费用分担、出行安全、违约责任等约定较为模糊简单，导致纠纷发生时，责任边界难以厘清。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e法官提醒，\u003cstrong data-source=\"cke\"\u003e诸如“拼团”“拼车”“拼房”等消费模式，风险因素不确定，建议在交易前与相关方签订正式合同，并在合同中对消费方式、金额、责任划分、违约条款等重要内容进行详细约定。\u003c/strong\u003e消费者可以登录国家市场监督管理总局\u003cstrong data-source=\"cke\"\u003e“合同示范文本库”\u003c/strong\u003e网站，查询和参考相关合同范本，以完善合同内容。交易、履约期间，消费者应注意保存好网络平台沟通记录、各类消费凭证，以便遇到纠纷时维护自身合法权益。\u003c!--MID_AD_3--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_3--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_3--\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!--IMG_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e全国人大代表黄西勤认为，本案系因网络自发结伴旅游引发的合同纠纷。法院的裁判展现了在新型旅游消费模式下，对当事人之间民事合同关系的依法认定与违约责任划分，具有重要的规则指引价值。当前，通过网络平台发起的自助式拼团出游活动中，普遍存在约定形式随意、权利义务条款不完善的特点，由此引发参与者单方变更或退出后的费用分摊争议。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e法院的审理思路与裁判要点具有示范意义：其一，准确认定通过网络聊天记录等电子数据达成的合意具有法律约束力；其二，在合同未明确约定违约金具体数额且损失难以举证证明的情况下，依法行使司法裁量权，根据违约行为直接导致的、可预见的合理损失（如变更返程方式增加的费用），酌定违约方承担相应的赔偿损失责任。这既贯彻了全面赔偿原则，也避免了守约方损失无法填补或违约方责任过重的不公。\u003c!--MID_AD_4--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_4--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_4--\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!--IMG_1--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-source=\"cke\"\u003e本案判决不仅妥善解决了个案争议，更通过司法实践对此类自发结伴行为提供了明确指引：网络空间的临时合意同样产生法律效力，参与者应秉持诚信，审慎加入，依约履行。判决亦提示公众，在参与类似活动时，应尽可能细化并固定行程安排、费用构成、退出机制及违约责任等关键条款，以明确各方权责，防范纠纷发生。这对于规范新兴旅游消费模式、维护市场交易秩序、弘扬契约精神具有积极的促进作用。\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003cstyle\u003e.rich_media_content{--news-tabel-th-night-color: #444444;--news-font-day-color: #333;--news-font-night-color: #d9d9d9;--news-bottom-distance: 22px}.rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-day-color);font-size:18px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]):not(.qn-editor-copy){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{font-size:18px}.rich_media_content p[data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]{margin-bottom:11px}.rich_media_content\u003ediv:not(.qnt-video),.rich_media_content\u003esection{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content hr{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content .link_list{margin:0;margin-top:20px;min-height:0!important}.rich_media_content blockquote{background:#f9f9f9;border-left:6px solid #ccc;margin:1.5em 10px;padding:.5em 10px}.rich_media_content blockquote p{margin-bottom:0!important}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]{--ol-start: 1;--ol-list-style-type: decimal;list-style-type:none;counter-reset:olCounter calc(var(--ol-start,1) - 1);position:relative}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]\u003eli\u003e:first-child::before{content:counter(olCounter,var(--ol-list-style-type)) '. ';counter-increment:olCounter;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;display:inline-block}.rich_media_content ul[data-ex-list]{--ul-list-style-type: circle;list-style-type:none;position:relative}.rich_media_content ul[data-ex-list].nonUnicode-list-style-type\u003eli\u003e:first-child::before{content:var(--ul-list-style-type) ' ';font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;display:inline-block;transform:scale(0.5)}.rich_media_content ul[data-ex-list].unicode-list-style-type\u003eli\u003e:first-child::before{content:var(--ul-list-style-type) ' ';font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;display:inline-block;transform:scale(0.8)}.rich_media_content ol:not([data-ex-list]){padding-left:revert}.rich_media_content ul:not([data-ex-list]){padding-left:revert}.rich_media_content table{display:table;border-collapse:collapse;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content table th,.rich_media_content table td{word-wrap:break-word;border:1px solid #ddd;white-space:nowrap;padding:2px 5px}.rich_media_content table th{font-weight:700;background-color:#f0f0f0;text-align:left}.rich_media_content table p{margin-bottom:0!important}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content table th{background:var(--news-tabel-th-night-color)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content table th{background:var(--news-tabel-th-night-color)}}.rich_media_content .qqnews_image_desc,.rich_media_content p[type=om-image-desc]{line-height:20px!important;text-align:center!important;font-size:14px!important;color:#666!important}.rich_media_content div[data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=wrap]:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box-special-style]){max-width:100%}.rich_media_content .qqnews-content{--wmfont: 0;--wmcolor: transparent;font-size:var(--wmfont);color:var(--wmcolor);line-height:var(--wmfont)!important;margin-bottom:var(--wmfont)!important}.rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis{background:#f7f7f7}.rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis ol{word-wrap:break-word;border:none;color:#5c5c5c;line-height:28px;list-style:none;margin:14px 0 6px;padding:16px 15px 4px}.rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis p{margin-bottom:12px!important}.rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis ol\u003eli\u003ep{padding-left:30px}.rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis ol\u003eli{list-style:none}.rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis ol\u003eli\u003ep:first-child::before{margin-left:-30px;content:counter(olCounter,decimal) ''!important;counter-increment:olCounter!important;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums!important;background:#37f;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;font-size:15px;font-style:normal;text-align:center;line-height:18px;width:18px;height:18px;margin-right:12px;position:relative;top:-1px}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis{background:#262626}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis ol\u003eli\u003ep{color:#a9a9a9}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis{background:#262626}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content .qqnews_sign_emphasis ol\u003eli\u003ep{color:#a9a9a9}}.rich_media_content h1,.rich_media_content h2,.rich_media_content h3,.rich_media_content h4,.rich_media_content h5,.rich_media_content h6{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);font-weight:700}.rich_media_content h1{font-size:20px}.rich_media_content h2,.rich_media_content h3{font-size:19px}.rich_media_content h4,.rich_media_content h5,.rich_media_content h6{font-size:18px}.rich_media_content li:empty{display:none}.rich_media_content ul,.rich_media_content ol{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content div\u003ep:only-child{margin-bottom:0!important}.rich_media_content .cms-cke-widget-title-wrap p{margin-bottom:0!important}\u003c/style\u003e\u003c/div\u003e